Oceanwise Whale Shark Expedition
E-mail: whaleshark@oceanwise.com.au
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                      Whale Shark Biology and Ecology

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                      Whale sharks, Rhincodon typus (Smith 1828) are the worlds largest fish and grow to 18 m in length and 20 tonnes in weight (Coleman 1997). Despite their size very little is known about their biology. They are found throughout tropical and sub-tropical seas (Last and Stevens 1994) and are migratory, long lived, slow growing, breed at about 30 years old and give birth to up to 300+ young at a time (Eckert and Stewart 2002, Taylor 1994, Coleman 1997, Norman 1999, Joung et al 1996). Their large size, distinct pattern of stripes and dots, and 14 cm thick skin provide whale sharks with a certain level or protection against predation, though they are known to be attacked by great white sharks, tiger sharks as well as orcas (Fitzpatrick et al 2006, Pitman et al 2001, Coleman 1997, Peters 1983). The juveniles are eaten by blue marlin, mako sharks and other pelagic predators with very few making it to the size of their parents (Coleman 1997). Other natural causes of mortality may include exposure to cold-water currents leading to exhaustion and dumpings by large swell onto reefs (Beckley 1997). Whale sharks also provide shelter for other species of fish with manta rays, hammerhead sharks, trevally, tuna, mackerel, cobia, remoras, pilot fish, fusiliers, baitfish and ectoparasites often found closely associated with them (Coleman 1997).

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